2020_news-release_fine-tuned_2010_WerhmannAngus_Virg_LN-206

What to consider when you’re on the fence

The two most important men in my life are both directly tied to farming and cattle production. And to be honest, it doesn’t matter which one I talk to on any given day, the conversation tends to go in the same direction.

“I sure wish we’d get some rain.”
“Another day over 100 degrees.”
“I had to turn another hay customer down today.”
“I need to get those cows in and start thinking about early weaning.”
“I’d sure like to keep more of my heifers back this year, but I don’t know where I’m going to get the pasture.”

The drought has hands-down been the topic of summer 2012.

If your crops and pastures have suffered from drought, chances are, you might have some difficult decisions to make this year on heifers after weaning. Maybe resources require you sell more of your heifers than usual, which means you need to be more focused than ever on selecting the most elite set to retain in the herd.

At home in Indiana where the corn crop looks like this across the entire county, you can bet my dad will be more selective than ever about the heifers he’ll keep and which ones to take an early payday on.

While you may be on the fence this year about how many heifers to retain or cows to cull, you don’t have to lose sleep at night wondering if you kept the right ones.

While the commercial Angus herd doesn’t come fully equipped with EPDs and pedigrees, there are still ways for those cattlemen to gain confidence in selection. Often times, the information that you already have can be a huge asset. Good records of how your calves perform can be a key indicator of the maternal quality in your herd – especially if you use similar sire groups. Consider partnering with a feedlot to get more information on feed efficiency and carcass quality. That last piece of the puzzle can come in handy when making cuts in the cowherd for next years’ team.

But what about this year’s heifers? Last week, Gary discussed GeneMax™ as another tool to cure your droughty blues in heifer retention. Without progeny data, it’s difficult to guess how young cattle will perform as part of the herd. Do you think you could tell without all of the tools?

A couple weeks ago, I introduced a contest on our Facebook page and asked folks to rank five heifers in terms of the potential each had for gain and grade. While we had several people take a stab at it, none of our entries ranked all five in the correct order. In all fairness, we were being a bit tricky. As some of our contestants pointed out, asking cattlemen to evaluate heifers on phenotype alone for gain and grade is hardly fair – especially when we’re using GeneMax™ scores as official placings.

That is exactly the point we were trying to drive home with the contest. In many cases, commercial Angus cattlemen don’t have data for young replacement heifers. In pastures where multiple bulls are turned out, or clean-up bulls are used to follow AI matings, you may not even be able to accurately identify complete pedigrees. Selection decisions are often made by the naked eye. A good set of feet and legs, a sound udder, and overall balance are undeniably important qualities in potential cows. However, in a year where maybe you can only afford to keep 10-15% of your heifers instead of 30-35%, consider using additional tools from the toolbox.

Just like our judging contest online, it’s difficult to tell which of these western Nebraska calves have the greatest potential for gain and grade.

Whether it’s diving a little deeper into your records or using a genomic test like GeneMax™ to add more information to your females, don’t let this year’s heifer and cow selection be a gate-cut decision. In times where grass is short, corn is sparse and break-even costs are scary, the value of adding predictability to your herd is greater than ever.

Author’s Note: Congratulations to Heather Hamilton for winning our Facebook contest last week! She most-closely ranked the five heifers according to gain and grade potential. Look for your prize in the mail, Heather!

~Kara

Droughty Blues

I love listening to my dad tell stories. He was born in 1925, literally “on the farm” near Ramona, KS. He was raised on the farm, became a farmer. He remembers the “dirty thirties” as a young boy……1934 and 1936 were especially hot, dry, dusty years, he related to me. My grandmother would take wet rags and place them on the window sills to keep the dust out of the house during those dust storms. Grasshopper plagues of biblical proportions occurred as well. The roads were covered with them so heavy as to make them “greasy” when you ran them over. They covered osage orange (hedge) fence posts and chewed off the rough spots…..so much so that the posts looked slick as glass. Pitchfork and shovel handles shared the same fate. While the 1930’s were an economically tough time, it was especially so for farmers and ranchers due to the widespread, long term drought.

The “filthy fifties” (1950s) saw several years, in mom and dad’s early farming days and married lives, that were equally as bad. Particularly in 1955 and 1956, when many Kansas farmers switched from growing corn to grain sorghum (milo), as it supposedly had better drought resistance. Dad sold his cows in 1956; no feed, hay, or pasture remained.

I myself remember very well that 1980, 1983, and 1988 were exceptionally dry and hot. The summer of 1980 had several weeks of oppressively hot weather and no measurable rain for about 90 days.

Oklahoma and Texas, as well as southwest KS experienced exceptional drought last year, and many areas in those states are suffering from the same malady in 2012. Even northeast KS, where we live, has experienced 18 days in a row (and counting) of days over 100 degrees with little or no rain (0.25″ since June 30th).

What does all this have to do about Angus cattle and beef quality? Everything! As many farmers and ranchers pare down herds to match with available feed supplies and high supplement prices for the winter season, it becomes even more critical that we use every available tool to select the replacement females that will do it all for us in every department. Scaling back has it’s advantages, in that we can become more “lean and mean” with our pool of genetics.

What better time than now to take advantage of DNA technology and test females using the newest tool on the market: GeneMax!

GeneMax will give you another tool in your box to make those final keep/cull decisions. Why not use it? For $ 17.00 per head, it is one of the cheapest DNA tests on the market. It will give you a score for yearling gain and marbling, with the latest addition (at no extra charge) of sire i.d. if those sires were Pfizer 50K tested. This is a great bargain, and a great way to steer your genetics toward cattle that meet a higher quality endpoint at harvest that puts more money in your pocket.

Don’t let yourself get those “Droughty Blues”! Seize the opportunity and use GeneMax to hasten your way to higher returns to your business!

~Gary

Solving the mystery of DNA – Part II

If you missed yesterday’s post, I’m back today with more CSI-style intel. Er, Cattle Sampling Information that is.

There are some DNA testing fundamentals that are consistent with all types of testing. Labeling each collection card for animal ID and keeping a clean work area are general. If our tips for blood collection aren’t universal enough for your operation, here are a few reminders specific to hair collection for DNA purposes.

Location, location, location
As tempting and accessible as the tail head is, DNA samples really should come from the tail switch. Pull up and away from the tail for best results.

Scissors won’t cut it
Running isn’t the only activity you should leave your scissors at home for. In hair sampling, the only part of the hair that is actually sampled is the root ball on the very end of the hair follicle. Samples must be pulled out by the root. Whatever you do, don’t collect hair clippings.

Go for quality AND quantity
Make sure you have enough hairs with in-tact root bulbs on the card. Twenty hairs is usually a good magic number to shoot for.

Cleanliness still matters
When it comes to manure, the same rules apply as blood collection. Tail switch hairs should be free from mud and feces to ensure that the tests are accurate.

Don’t leave loose ends
The root bulb end of the hair should be placed in between the films on the collection card. That is where the lab takes samples. Use the scissors that we outlawed for collection and put them to good use in trimming excess hair so that there is nothing hanging off the edge of the card.

For more step by step directions on hair collection, check out this flyer.

With all these tips on DNA sampling, I’m curious how you plan to implement today’s technology. Let us know how you use information from DNA testing to add more black ink to your bottom line!

– Kara

Solving the Mystery of DNA Collection – Part I

The Black Ink team has been talking about DNA technology quite a bit lately and how it relates to cattlemen. But let’s face it, anytime you implement a new tool in your herd, the mechanics can be a bit intimidating.

What kind of DNA sample is required to get the information I really want on my cattle?

On crime-solving television, DNA convicts criminals from just one strand of hair, a finger nail clipping, or some dried up blood off the back of a car bumper. Just like everything else in Hollywood, there’s a lot more that goes into DNA collection in the real world.

DNA samples need to be high-quality in order to get good lab results. If samples aren’t good enough, all you wind up with is a day of working cattle and a report that likely shows a high percentage of failed tests. Some of these “how to’s” could save you that heartache:

Basics for Better Blood Samples

• Hello, my name is ______. Yes, it’s basic, but so important. Always start by labeling your collection cards with an identifying number for each animal. Generally a tag or tattoo number, you’ll need a sure way to match your test results back to the individual animals.

• ABC: Adequate Blood Collection– When samples go to the lab, they take a hole punch out of the saturated area. Sometimes multiple punches are needed to get the best results. Make sure you have enough blood on the card, but not so much that pooling occurs.

• Manure is the enemy. Although fecal matter is used in other types of bovine tests, DNA sampling is not the place for it. Blood cards contaminated with manure are extremely difficult to get test results from. To decrease your fertilizer frustrations, consider taking blood samples from the ear instead of the tail. You may also want to make sure the ranch hand delegated to tailing isn’t also handling your DNA cards.

Samples like this one would fail a DNA test due to the manure.

• Keep it clean. Beyond manure, try to keep your collection cards away from dust or other contamination. I know what you’re thinking – how does one avoid dirt while working cattle? It’s not easy, but it’s worth the extra effort to ensure sample quality. If you’re bleeding from the ear, keep a rag on hand to wipe out ear wax or dirt before collection.

• This is not poker – don’t stack the deck. It’s very important to allow blood cards to dry thoroughly (24 hours, out of sunlight) before being stacked. Also, don’t mail samples in a sealed plastic bag. If blood coagulates on the card, sample quality may be compromised.

The GeneMax™ test kit is only $0.50 and includes your blood collection card and a sterile lancet.

*To order one of the above kits, visit http://www.cabpartners.com/genemax/order.php.

If blood collection isn’t the best fit for your operation, stay tuned tomorrow for part two for alternative DNA collection methods.

Check out this video or this flyer for more step by step directions on collecting a blood sample.

~Kara

Tightening the belt!

Have you ever seen that cartoon of the skinny-as-a-rail cowboy? He’s leaning on an equally emaciated fence post and everything around him just looks plain poor. He states to his friend, “reckon I’ve tightened the belt down around here about as much as I can!” The guy is literally about as big around as a pencil, with a long belt tail hanging off the end of his buckle and a cigarette hanging out of his mouth. No more holes left on the belt to get cinched up any tighter. Nobody knows better how to “buckle-down”; “tighten the belt”, or go “bare bones” better than America’s farmers and ranchers. They’re famous for it.

Well, I’m going to take this story down a little different trail; but not that familiar route which is associated with cutting costs on the farm or ranch. Rather, I’m going to discuss tightening the genetic belt!

We’ve all seen many stories in agricultural press about the difference in value of a finished steer or heifer at slaughter; within a pen, that is. Which calves made the most money and which made the least money (or lost more money than the good ones). What still amazes me is the amount of variability in the final value of fat cattle within a common set of genetics, from the same operation! Size of the operation and pure numbers have a great deal to do with that; but when we’re seeing a value difference of $300 to $400 in the carcass due to hot carcass weight, carcass quality, or both, it still begs the question: “why?” Is it due to performance (ADG and F:G), or carcass premiums, dressed yield, or what? Maybe a combination of all these.

: How Do You Know?

One of my first implant trials (in my previous life as an Extension specialist) on a group of commonly-sired Angus calves revealed a very tight-knit (or appeared to be) group of steers (75 head) that were within 50 lb. of each other; top to bottom, there was not more than half a hundred pounds among them all. I did not know the birth dates on the cattle; they may have been quite variable in age, but they didn’t look that way. They appeared to be very similar in frame size and were extremely close in live weight.

That 50 lb. weight diff turned into nearly a 300 lb. difference in finished weight at harvest. How can that be? For Pete’s sake, that just seemed huge to me! As we looked at individual average daily gain, it ranged from 2.75 to 3.75. Wow! Even a half a pound a day difference, on a 150 day feeding period, results in 75 extra pounds of live animal to sell when the cattle ship. In today’s dollars, that equates to a $90 per head difference in the gross income! Although we didn’t have individual feed efficiency measures to look at, one can imagine that some converted dry matter at 5.8 and some at 6.5. A feed:gain efficiency difference of 0.7 lb., or 2.1 lb. savings in $6.00 corn every day when assuming a 3.0 ADG would equal about 40 cents per head per day (at a DM ration cost of $ 375/ton). Over those same 150 days, that amounts to a feed (alone) cost savings of $60! Combine that with differences in grade (when sold on a grid), and we’re talking REAL BIG DOLLARS here!

This is why you need to take a hard look at GeneMax (GMX), Certified Angus Beef’s new DNA test for marbling and yearling gain. This cutting edge technology will allow you to do a couple of different things: (1) it can be used as a tool to help you determine which replacement heifers you are going to keep, in addition to other selection criteria (blood lines, feet and legs, phenotype, disposition, etc.) and (2) a predictor of feeder calves’ value in the fed cattle industry. If you can “tighten” down the amount of variability within a set of replacement heifers or feeder calves, it makes them more valuable. You have a better idea of what those calves can do! It’s not entirely full-proof; management, health, environment, and nutriton all affect the outcome. But I’ll guarantee you ONE thing: it’s more information than you used to get!

Take the time to peruse our website. Visit www.cabpartners.com and click on the GMX link. I really think you’ll be glad you did!

I was going to tighten my belt, and then I saw those peanut M&Ms!

~Gary

Show-Me what’s in those Genes!

Sometimes there’s more than what meets the eye. This week, the cattlemen and women of the Show-Me Select Replacement Heifer Program learned just that. Each year, this cooperative of elite commercial beef producers from Missouri embarks on a brief tour of other regional industry leaders in an effort to hone in on their skills of raising the best cattle.

Show Me Group — Show-Me Select tour participants engaging in a little friendly competition

This was my first exposure to the folks from the Show-Me Select program so I was especially excited to catch up with the group before they headed into western Kansas for their feedlot and packing plant tours. We traveled just north of Manhattan to Fink Beef Genetics. Gary and I shared an overview of the new GeneMax™ program with each of the tour buses on the way out to the farm, but let’s face it – these guys are professionals at raising quality cattle. They needed a challenge!

And so the gauntlet was thrown. With these industry veterans, a judging contest seemed appropriate.

They had six heifers to evaluate that evening. Based on phenotype and some very limited sire EPD data, everyone was asked to assign their best guess of a GeneMax™ score to each heifer. As attendees unloaded the buses, we armed them with their limited tools and sent them around to the back of the barn to evaluate the heifers.

Lots of folks had great questions – everything from how we calculate scores to how they can use results to market their cattle. Some people even became a bit frustrated, claiming that based on the information we provided, the best they could do was to guess. Wait; is there a moral to the story here?

Group1 — Debating, deliberating, studying…

We asked everyone to wrap up their answers and head back inside for a great dinner catered by Little Apple Brewery, a restaurant in Manhattan of which Finks are part owners. Sound familiar? There are good reasons why Little Apple Brewery is synonymous with great tasting beef, but that’s another story.

At the end of the night, we reviewed the GeneMax™ scores of our six competition heifers. I’d be lying if I said there weren’t any surprised faces in the crowd. Out of more than 50 entries, only six people started the class with the actual highest scoring GeneMax™ heifer. Her half-sibling with the same sire data, however, scored nearly 40 points lower and was dead last.

The take home message is simple: with the information we have available, it is no longer enough to just make a gate cut on your replacement females based on phenotype and sire group. The tools we provided for this contest are not all that different from what many use today: visual characteristics and some sire data. GeneMax™ allows producers to go below the surface and select the best animals for grade and gain.

What about all that carcass and feed efficiency data you’ve been collecting on your cows for the last three years? Sure, those are great tools to have. But think of how many years of records you can catch up to by using a simple DNA test.

Many Missouri breeders left considering how they can put new genomic technology to work for them. No doubt “show me” is no longer just the state motto, but also a genetic state of mind.

~Kara*

*Haven’t met me just yet? Well, let’s consider this our formal introduction:

Although I’ve been with CAB since 2009, I’m the newest member of the Black Ink team as a Supply Programs Manager.

I’m the third generation to thrive from my family’s Angus farm near Orleans, Indiana, and am a proud alumni of the University of Kentucky College of Agriculture. I’m a gypsy at heart, yet my constant love for God, family and agriculture keep me grounded no matter where I am on the globe.”

I like my meat red, my cattle black and my basketball Kentucky blue!

Optimism

It’s funny how you can feel certain emotions “in the air.”

I recently asked one of our beef cattle specialists about his week-long, bull-sale packed tour in the Big Sky State, and one word kept coming up as he described the different locations, events and ranches he visited — “optimistic.” It was almost like the feeling was palpable, something a cowboy could grab out of the big blue Montana sky.

Nearly 800 miles, five Angus bull sales and several other ranch visits later, here were a few of the highlights Paul shared with me from this recent tour of cattle country:

DNA technology was a hot topic of discussion on several of those stops. Some of the larger Angus breeders in the state showed a good deal of interest in finding ways to implement technologies like GeneMax into their genetic selection toolbox, especially on the feeder calf side. They were optimistic that this was a tool they could use to add value to their calves at market and boost the premiums they see for those that test above average for gain and grade.

It’s a fun time to be traveling to bull sales, Paul told me. While tight supplies and high demands for live animals can cause some unique challenges in the business, it sure does create a lot of opportunities to see more black plus marks in the checkbook. Commercial cattlemen had to step up to the plate and keep their bids up if they were going to walk away with the bull of their choice at many of the sales.

He saw indications all around him in different parts of the state that the last calf crop had been a good one in the Angus business. Good prices there led to more cash in the commericial man’s pocket to pay for new bulls this year, and they’re seeing more profit per cow than any time in recent history. You can just imagine the smiles abounding.

And even when the temperatures dropped and the snow started flying toward the end of the week, that didn’t slow the good ride. The optimism was perhaps just frozen in the air as opposed to floating… while bull prices were up, he pointed out that a rising tide raises all the boats in the harbor. Optimism is contagious; it’s a cycle.

Education is also a cycle, and it sometimes takes a while to get around. But sitting in those auction rings, Paul said it was heartening to see the typical cow man more focused on understanding and utilizing the genetic data available to them than ever before.

Are you feeling optimistic or cautiously optimistic in your part of cattle country right now? Like one of those boats rising with the tide of high demand?

Until next time,

-Laura

The feedlot melting pot

Where do they come from? And who are they?

“Where you from?” is a question we often ask strangers. What we really want to know is, “who are you?” and “what makes you tick?”

Think of immigration, both in the yesteryears (my grandmother came over on a boat from Germany in 1913) and in today’s world (many illegals from south of the border). Different kinds: most of those early ones came over legally because of religious persecution or economic collapse; in the case of Ireland it was the potato famine. Both groups of people that come to the U.S. were/are intriguing because we want to know how “our” world will change with these new strangers in it!

Another example: making new acquaintances while on a plane (yes, I’m the pesky person who strikes up conversations with the person sitting next to me) is interesting. Sometimes other people start the conversation; sometimes I kick it off. But, what I really want to know is: who are you? What are your beliefs? What do you stand for? How do you see the world? What is your purpose in life?

Where did they come from? How will they perform?

In the case of cattle coming into a new community (e.g. a feedlot), some come from Mexico, some from Canada, some from the southeastern U.S., and some from the southwest; some from the far west off of farms and ranches just as unique and varied as the general U.S population. They arrive at a feedlot in Kansas. How will they feed and perform? Will they get sick? Will any of them die, and if so, how many? Will they be worth anything on a value-based grid, or will they be commodity cattle sold on a cash basis?

Without history on the cattle, feedlots or cattle buyers don’t know what to expect. Look at this pen of cattle at a feedlot in western Kansas. What does the feedlot know about them? Well, they know the state of origin. They know they are predominantly black hided. Besides that, not too darn much. We have some preconceived and obvious notions by looking at these cattle: body condition on arrival, length of haul, phenotype, hair coat color, etc. What about health status? Unknown. Grading capability? Unknown. Ability to perform in the feedlot? Unknown.

As we move more and more toward DNA technology in the cattle industry, one thing we can know (at least with high-percentage Angus cattle): marbling and yearling gain outcomes. With GeneMax (GMX) our new DNA test, the new owners will have a pretty good idea of how these cattle will perform in those realms. For a cost of $17 per head, our ability to estimate outcome will be greatly enhanced.

To find out more about GMX, visit our website at www.cabpartners.com/GeneMax.

Where are you from?

For now, Adios!

-Gary

The hurrier I go, the behinder I get!

On the few days I slow down long enough to think things through, the better off I am.

When I take the time to analyze and really study a subject, I can master it; the job will get done. It will all be OK. There are times when I have too much to do, that I just dive in and am a flurry of activity. Sometimes, as my wife will tell me, you try to get too much done in a set period of time. If I take a day off of work to work at home on projects that need tending to, I always line up more than I can possibly finish. That ends up with me feeling frustrated, and I don’t like that!

Along with that, thinking on my feet is a glaring fault of mine, particularly if I am not well prepared. What I am is methodical. I like concrete things. I like Step 1, Step 2, Step 3. Summary: think things through, make a plan, and carry it out in a logical manner, and I can be very productive.

A well-designed cattle operation that meets your goals takes a lot of thought, planning, crafting, researching and consulting with others to make it successful. Foresight doesn’t hurt, either. I am about to share with you a very exciting new DNA tool for commercial Angus producers: it’s called GeneMax™ (also denoted as GMX™). This test will enable producers with commercial Angus cowherds to plan and make selection decisions in a methodical manner (good for people like me!).

With GMX, we can find out what’s in their genetic makeup for marbling and yearling gain as early as day one.

GMX is a DNA test that doesn’t require deep pockets (It’s $17.00). It determines an individual animal’s ability to deposit marbling as well as it’s ability to gain weight (more specifically, yearling gain). It was designed with the commercial producer in mind who utilizes registered Angus bulls on high-percentage Angus cows.

GMX can help the producer select breeding females and screen feeder cattle. You can take DNA samples (blood) and submit them the day the calf is born and know what it’s outcome will be regarding these two traits. Will I keep this one, or does it not fall into my goals and plans? Rather than finding out three years later what kind of feeder calf or slaughter steer that heifer will produce, you can know now, at least in terms of feedlot performance and quality grade.

We have excellent tools available to us now in the form of Expected Progeny Differences (EPD’s). However, on unproven, or low-accuracy sires, they are not quite the perfect thing until we get some data back on those bulls.

With GMX, we’ll know in about four weeks after the test has been submitted. I feel certain that as we move along and this tool becomes more well known, it will become a standard for helping us select cattle. Eventually, more tests will be developed that will allow us to measure even more traits.

For now though, you really need to look into this. Check out our GMX info on the www.cabpartners.com/GeneMax website. You’ll be glad you did.

OK, now: hook up the bale fork; set that corner post; roll up that old wire; treat that cow; cut those cedar trees; call the COOP to fertilize the brome, order feed, clean the pens…………..shucks, what’s next?

New heifers and DNA tools

Yesterday was another birthday, the greatest gifts being health, happiness and heifers—11 of our first AI calves were heifers out of heifers, including three yesterday. They always get me thinking about genetic potential in the herd of course. It takes me back to a few weeks earlier. Bringing the cows home from winter pasture in mid-January can be an opportunity.

Last year it was freeze branding. This year, we took the opportunity to draw blood samples on 74 cows for DNA testing as part of a field study for GeneMax™. We let the heifers get by with just their two visual ID tags for now and did not draw samples from them as they have no progeny in the feedlot or in our carcass database—but all of them are related to the cows, so we expect to gain some insight on them as well.

We got the cows home by 10 on that Saturday and started bringing them into the chute. Well, I escorted each one in as all-around cowhand Lane assisted the “automatic” headgate.

Then I moved around to the front end, pulled on a new right-hand latex glove, got out another 16-gauge needle and reached for an ear.

Lane handled the squeeze, sometimes with help from son Tom, and they helped wife Anne keep numbers and cards straight.

Mosey the ranch dog tried to “help” at first but was overcome by excitement and had to watch from a safe distance.

Anyway, I rediscovered that blood vessels do not follow the same pattern or, more likely, my attempted stick was off by large fractions of an inch from one ear to the next. Some gals tossed their heads a lot, too.

This resulted in a less than uniform set of DNA sample cards, but I feel certain we got enough and maintained enough biosecurity in our sequence of drying them in two cooler bases before placing in photo sleeves to ship in to St. Joe for processing. The whole event took us a little more than three hours, but we were not set up for speed by any means.

All in all, it was an easy thing to do, and would be simple to add on to any routine trip through the chute if you add another cowhand to manage the DNA sampling. That observation comes from a guy who once tried to combine freeze branding with preg checking, which was NOT a workable idea with respect to the vet’s time.

Anyway, now we’re working on organizing all existing data as it relates to each cow, and will be most interested to see how our past results jibe with the GeneMax Scores. As alluded to with the new heifers that are presenting us with the 2014 calvers now, I am also interested in comparing scores within cow families and sire groups, why some work better than others, why some sires deplete grade, maybe why some daughters get much bigger than their half sisters… getting that data will be kind of like opening a present!

Until next time… let’s aim for profit, target the brand and build tomorrow together.

~Steve

What to consider when you’re on the fence

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Droughty Blues

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Solving the mystery of DNA – Part II

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Solving the Mystery of DNA Collection – Part I

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Tightening the belt!

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Show-Me what’s in those Genes!

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Optimism

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The feedlot melting pot

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The hurrier I go, the behinder I get!

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New heifers and DNA tools

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